Sunday, May 3, 2009

FINAL PROJECT - NEWS ANALYSIS

I decided to analyze the local CBS, ABC, FOX, and NBC nightly news programs individually and together. One might think the two news programs would essentially be the same, but they are quite different. I should state that I do not watch the nightly news because I think those programs are more about sensationalism and ratings than reporting the news in an objective manner. I mention my news watching habits in order to illustrate my lack of knowledge regarding these programs. With that being said, I tried my best to be objective. The ultimate goal was to determine which news station reported the news in the most objective manner, thus being the most credible source of information.

The first CBS news segment (stories that take place before the first set of commercials) began with a male and female anchor, Don Shelby and Amelia Santaniello, respectively, sitting at their studio desk introducing the top stories / local stories – a missing girl is found, old school parenting, President Obama’s ability to fire private workers, and the weather conditions in Fargo. The anchors first spoke with Chris Shaffer who was reporting from the studio regarding mostly the weather forecast for Fargo and to a lesser extent, the metro area. Chris delivered the weather forecast with a matter-of-fact delivery. The weather forecast transitioned into a live report by Bill Hudson from Moorhead regarding the effects of the flood on businesses and residents. This story’s pace (a sense of urgency in the voices) and tone (serious) carried over into the rest of the stories prior to the teaser story before the first set of commercials. Amelia promoted the station’s website at the end of this story as a way that viewers could send money to help the flood victims. The teaser stories were delivered by the anchors in a serious tone which was surprising since one of the stories was about Tubby Smith, the University of Minnesota’s mens basketball coach. The other teaser story was about their special report on parenting.

The second CBS news segment had a serious tone, but not quite the same sense of urgency as in segment one. This segment contained both of the special reports, two local stories, and a more in-depth weather forecast than the one presented in the first segment with more time spent on the metro area rather than Fargo. Amelia promoted the station’s website at the end of both special reports and one of the local stories. In addition to Amelia’s promotion of the station’s website, CBS ran a promo before the second set of commercials began. The promo was comical as it self promoted the station’s website and how viewers could get help picking their brackets for the NCAA mens college basketball tournament.

The third and fourth CBS news segments were devoted exclusively to sports. The segments were reported by Mike Max who delivered the various local professional and amateur stories in an upbeat, enthusiastic manner whilst sitting at the studio desk. There were no teasers or promos at the end of either segment.

The fifth CBS news segment was light-hearted as this segment contained a comical promo regarding the station’s website which contained information about the DTV conversion, and a national story about an indoor polar plunge in Michigan that raised funds for the Special Olympics. I found it interesting that there was not a recap of the day’s top stories, only a recap of the weather forecast. The two anchors, Chris, and Mike were happy and smiling as they thanked the viewers for watching, and talked amongst each other as the show ended.

The times for the segments were 10:35, 11:00, 2:30, 1:00, and 1:05, respectively. In addition there was 9:50 of commercials. There were seven male and one female reporters used throughout the program. If we count the introduction to the top stories as local stories, then local stories were reported at a rate of approximately 9:1 when compared to national stories. If the special reports are included in the local stories, then the ratio of local to national stories becomes 14:1. The top three amounts of time for this program are as follows: 29% local stories (top stories included), 28.1% commercials, and 14.3% special reports. National news was 3.1%.

The first ABC news segment began with a male and female anchor, John Mason and Leah Mclean, respectively, sitting at their studio desk reporting on the top stories - the Red River flooding and a MN man found dead in Mexico. The anchors first spoke with Tim Sherno who was reporting from the studio on the Mexico story. Then Jennifer Griswold reported live from Fargo by the Red River, followed by Bob McNaney who was reporting live from the Fargo Dome. These stories set the pace (a sense of urgency in the voices) and tone (serious) for the rest of the stories prior to the teaser stories before the first set of commercials. The teaser stories were delivered in a less serious manner, and tried to entice the viewers not to turn the channel by promoting their special report on superheroes in Minneapolis.

The second ABC news segment began with the special report. In and of itself, this was the story that received the most air time (4:30). Chris O’Connell reported from the streets of downtown Minneapolis where he walked around with several superheroes. The superheroes proceeded to show Chris their weapons (these are legal) that they carried. Then an interview with a Minneapolis police officer was shown. The officer stated that he was worried these superheroes could become vigilantes. The story ended with Chris talking with the superheroes about their various acts of goodwill towards the community. The reporter almost seemed to be mocking the superheroes as he talked with them about their patrols.

The stories between the special report and the weather carried the same less serious tone and pace as the special report, but without the mocking. Once the weather started, the tone got more serious and urgent as Dave Dahl reported on the weather up in Fargo. This tone changed immediately when the teaser stories for the third segment were played. All of these stories occurred in the studio.

The third ABC news segment was devoted exclusively to sports. This segment was reported by Phil Aldridge who delivered the various local professional and amateur stories in an upbeat, enthusiastic manner whilst sitting at the studio desk. There were no teasers at the end of this segment.

The fourth ABC news segment began with the only national news story, followed by the show’s wrap up. The wrap up consisted of the two anchors, Dave, and Phil sitting around the studio desk smiling. Dave gave one last weather report, and the anchors thanked the viewers whilst engaging in happy banter amongst themselves.

The times for the segments were 9:10, 9:50, 3:05, and 0:45, respectively. In addition there was 12:10 of commercials. There were seven male and two female reporters used throughout the program. If we count the top stories as local stories, then local stories were reported at a rate of approximately 22:1 when compared to national stories. If the special report is included in the local stories, then the ratio of local to national stories becomes 30:1. The top three amounts of time for this program are as follows: 34.8% commercials, 29.8% local stories (top stories included), and 12.9% special report. National news was 1.4%.

The first FOX news segment began with a male and female anchor, Jeff Passolt and Robyn Robinson, respectively, sitting at their studio desk reporting on the top stories – a possible Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) cover-up and the Red River flooding. The anchors first spoke with Tom Lyden who was reporting from the studio on the possible MPD cover-up. Tom spoke with a rapid pace and serious tone. It was very easy to hear his opinion on this story (he gave me the sense this was absolutely a conspiracy theory regarding a corrupt police department with corrupt police officers). Ian Leonard spoke next regarding the Fargo and metro area forecast. Ian spoke much slower and without accusation in his voice. Leah Beno reported live from Fargo about the snow and flooding. This story’s pace (a sense of urgency in her voice) and tone (serious) was conveyed throughout the rest of the first segment stories, including teaser stories before the first set of commercials.

The second FOX news segment began with a short local story followed by the special report. In and of itself, this was the story that received the most air time (5:10). Jeff Baillon reported on the radiation delivered to patients during heart ct scans. This story was mentioned at the start of the newscast during the introduction and in the first set of teaser stories. Each time this special report was mentioned, the phrase, these high tech machines may be causing cancer, was spoken. Obviously, these words were chosen for their impact on the audience. This whole report was nothing but a classic case of sensationalism. Even though the report did include a secret investigation in which a hidden camera was used by a woman trying to get information on any potential risks associated with heart ct scans, the report was so sensationalized that I would have turned it off if not for this assignment. This segment finished with promos for the 9:30 and 10:00 news.

The third FOX news segment was entirely devoted to national stories which were sensationalized, but not anywhere near as bad as the special report in the second segment. This segment also finished with promos for the 9:30 and 10:00 news.

The times for the segments were 12:55, 7:05, and 2:10, respectively. In addition there was 7:50 of commercials. There were five male and two female reporters used throughout the program. If we count the top stories as local stories, then local stories were reported at a rate of approximately 6.5:1 when compared to national stories. If the special report is included in the local stories, then the ratio of local to national stories becomes 7.5:1. The top three amounts of time for this program are as follows: 38.3% local stories, 26.1% commercials, and 17.2% special report. National news was 5.8%.

The first NBC news segment began with a male anchor, Rick Kupchella, who was filling in for the normal anchors, Mike Pomerantz and Julie Nelson. Rick was sitting at the studio desk reporting on the top stories - the Lake Phalen attack, the Conficker Worm, and the Senate recount. Rick first spoke with Karla Hult who was reporting from the studio on the Lake Phalen attack story. Then Scott Saroka reported from the studio on the Conficker Worm story. These stories set the pace (a sense of urgency in the voices) and tone (serious) for the rest of the stories prior to the teaser stories before the first set of commercials. The teaser stories were delivered in a less serious manner, and tried to entice the viewers not to turn the channel by promoting their special report on older workers and that the weather forecast was still yet to come.

The second NBC news segment began with the special report. In and of itself, this was the story that received the most air time (5:40). Allen Costantini reported on the hardships facing senior workers. I think this special report was meant to come off as heartwarming, but it sort of felt like Allen was trying to stick it to the viewers a little bit by showing them how hard their lives could be. It very much reminded me of a Simpson’s episode in which the local news broadcaster, Kent Brockman, was at a local soup kitchen on Thanksgiving. Kent looks into the camera and says, “Oh we have lots of names for these people. Bums, deadbeats, losers, scums of the earth, we'd like to sweep these people into the gutter, or if already in the gutter, to some other out of the way place. Oh we have our reasons. They're depressing, their ragged clothes, they're crazy, they smell bad. So every year on one concience salving day, we toss these people a bone. A turkey bone. And that's supposed to make it all better.” He concludes his broadcast by saying something like, as you eat your turkey, this reporter hopes you choke just a little bit. The teasers for this segment were lighthearted as they previewed the second special report on outdoor baseball.

The third NBC news segment started with sports, which was reported by Randy Shaver who delivered the various local professional and amateur stories in an upbeat, enthusiastic manner whilst sitting at the studio desk. Randy introduced the second special report on outdoor baseball. Erik Perkins did a story on a student run whiffleball league in Lakeville. Erik interviewed a lot of the students whilst playing in a game of whiffleball. This was done comedically as Erik drank some orange juice and was then thrown out of the league for “juicing”. This segment ended with a teaser for a national story about a 5000 calorie burger available at a minor league baseball team’s stadium.

The fourth NBC news segment began with the only national news story, followed by the show’s wrap up. The wrap up consisted of Rick, Belinda, and Randy sitting around the studio desk smiling. Belinda gave one last weather report, and Rick and Randy thanked the viewers whilst engaging in happy banter amongst themselves.

The times for the segments were 7:25, 9:50, 5:00, and 1:35, respectively. In addition there was 11:10 of commercials. There were four male and two female reporters used throughout the program (these numbers represent the split between male and female reporters if the two normal anchors were conducting the news program instead of just the single male anchor used in this particular broadcast). If we count the top stories as local stories, then local stories were reported at a rate of approximately 10:1 when compared to national stories. If the special reports are included in the local stories, then the ratio of local to national stories becomes 21:1. The top three amounts of time for this program are as follows: 31.9% commercials, 21.9% special report, and 19.3% local stories (top stories included). National news was 1.9%.

Here are my impressions for each station’s newscast. First I’ll start with CBS. CBS did the best job of promoting their website. CBS introduced the top stories of the night, but didn’t get to these stories until later in the broadcast. This was the only station that didn’t start with the top stories. CBS devoted two segments entirely to sports, so it comes as no surprise that CBS spent the most amount of time covering sports. CBS was the only station to have only one female reporter, but they were also the only station to have a minority reporter. Overall, CBS tried to incorporate more humor into their stories and promos, and really downplayed sensationalism. The stories were, for the most part, delivered in a matter-of-fact manner.

The second station was ABC. ABC devoted the most time to the top stories, had the most commercials, and had the lowest amount of special report and national news time. Thus, ABC had the greatest ratio of local to national news. ABC used the most reporters for their stories and really emphasized “live” reporting. ABC seemed to promote sensationalism, especially through the special report. As I watched the special report, it seemed like I was watching a comic book movie. The police are worried about these superheroes becoming vigilantes (this is the premise of Batman, Spiderman, and countless other comic books). There were many interviews with flood victims; showing people in emotional stress, thus supporting my preconceived belief that nightly news is very sensationalized and concerned with rating. It seems that ABC prefers to use women in more serious roles than men. Women never did the “softer” stories. Instead, they were anchors, reporting live on the top stories, or representing the national news that ABC was covering. Men were used for less serious roles such as sports, weather, and the special report. I wonder if men are used in these lesser roles because the station is making a feminist statement, which in essence is condescending and discriminatory.

The third station was FOX. FOX spent the most time of any station on national news stories which also lead to the smallest ratio of local to national news stories. FOX was the only station to have zero sports time, probably because sports would be covered in the 9:30 news. FOX had the fewest commercials, probably because they used non-news time for their own promos (they had the most amount of time devoted to promos by an almost 2:1 ratio to the next station). To be fair though, FOX did have the shortest amount of teaser time. By far this was the hardest station to watch because FOX oozes with sensationalism.

The fourth station was NBC. NBC devoted the most time of any station to special reports and weather. NBC used the least amount of reporters and had the best ratio of male to female reporters. NBC had the fewest number of stories; perhaps deciding that less news stories was more. NBC seemed to have the best camaraderie between reporters as I actually believed that all reporters liked each other. Overall, NBC seemed to deliver the news stories in an objective manner by not succumbing to sensationalism.

Overall, I think CBS best represents my own personal idea of what news should look like; racial and gender variety along with a more balanced ratio of local to national stories. There was very little sensationalism and thus made me take the reporters more seriously. On the flip-side, I thought FOX was the worst news station because I feel that they are way too concerned with sensationalism. I was expecting NBC to be the best station and FOX to be the worst. Well, as it turns out, I was half right. I believe this analysis has been as objective as possible, largely because FOX airs my favorite show of all time, The Simpson, and is my personally most watched channel.



STORY
TIME (MIN:SEC)
CBS WCCO 4 NEWS Top Stories reported by studio anchors Don Shelby and Amelia Santianiello
Introduction
0:40
Missing girl found

Old school parenting

President Obama's ability to fire anyone

Freezing temps and snow in Fargo



Weather
0:55
Chris Shaffer reporting from studio

Fargo and metro forecast



Local Story
Flooding in Fargo
3:15
Bill Hudson reporting live from Moorhead

Snow has tapered off

Keep businesses closed for one more day

Interviewed two women residents

Interviewed male Cass County sheriff

Hospitals now taking in patients

Businesses being open might interfere with traffic of residents being allowed to go back home

Before and After pictures of Fargo flooding

Amelia promoted website which has a link for viewers to send money to Fargo area



Local Story
Shooting in Mpls
0:30
Lee Fong shot by Mpls police officer

Gun found at crime scene was previously cataloged in MPD evidence room

Family of Fong is accusing MPD of planting the gun at the crime scene

Trial for family lawsuit against MPD in May



Local Story
Duluth school lock down
0:25
Police believe a student called in a false report



Local Story
Missing girl
1:30
John Lauritsen reporting from studio

Man drove girl from Lacrosse, WI to his home in Burnsville on Friday

Police returned girl home on Sunday

The two met through social websites such as facebook, myspace, and tagged

Girl is 13 and man is 32 years old

Man has possessing child porn on his record

Girl's parents helped police

Man has not been charged yet, so his name is not revealed

Man could be charged with felonies in Lacrosse and Dakota counties



Local Story
Itasca County sheriff, Gregory Snyder
0:30
Charged with having sex with a 19 year old male

Started abusing victim when he was 13 years old

Bribed victim with gifts and money

Snyder faces three dozen felonies

Snyder is on paid leave



Local Story
Townhome fire in Mpls
0:20
No one hurt



National Story
Stock Market
0:45
Looking for rebound from worst drop in weeks

President Obama's stance against car companies caused drop

Chrysler merger with Fiat would get company bailout money from government



Teaser for after the commercials
0:45
Can President Obama fire a private worker

Gopher's basketball coach, Tubby Smith

Children discipline



Commercials
2:40


Local Story
GM
2:40
Jason Durusha reporting from the studio

President Obama told GM that if they wanted bailout money, the GM president would have
to be fired

Can President Obama fire a private worker? No

Interviewed Univ of MN law professor Jill Hasday

Congress can't pass a Bill of Attainder

In 1952, Congress passed legislature that limited power of state

President Obams now using the power of the purse

Enron and bailout bank execs were also fired, but not by the President

Amelia promoted website for viewers to comment on Jason's blog



Local Story
NWA
0:20
New Delta signs replace NWA signs at airport as per merger



Special Report
Parenting
3:55
Amelia and her husband, CBS newscaster Frank Vascellaro, reporting from various places
outside studio
Interviewed Frank's mother, Rosalie

Rosalie's opinion is that spanking children is fine

Kids are over scheduled

Interviewed Marti Erickson who is a developmental psychologist

Marti is a radio host on 107.1 fm with her daughter

There are more amber alerts now, so parents are over protective

Competitive parenting has led to spoiled kids

Fathers are around more often in their kid's lives

Amelia promotes website so viewers can see outtakes of Frand and Rosalie



Weather
2:30
Chris Shaffer reporting from studio

12" wet snow = 1" rain

Current conditions and forecast for Fargo and metro area



Special Report - Good to Know
1:05
Don Shelby reporting from studio

Brady Gustafson is a marine who was injured in the line of duty

Received Navy Iron Cross

Saved his fellow soldiers by staying at his weapon to keep firing at enemy even though he was
injured
Amelia promoted website for viewers to see more of this story



Promo for website for picking NCAA college basketball tourney
0:30


Commercials
2:35


Sports
2:30
Mike Max reporting from studio

Tubby Smith's future with the Gophers

Joe Mauer improving

Twins spring training

Wild playoff push

Marian Gaborik

Football team helping out flood victims



Commercials
2:35


Sports
1:00
Mike Max reporting from studio

Concordia College football team helping out flood victims



Commercials
2:00


Promo for website about dtv conversion
0:30


National Story
Indoor polar plunge for Special Olympics in Michigan
0:20


Nightly news wrap up
0:15
Two anchors, Chris, and Max have upbeat banter

One last look at forecast for metro area

Thanks viewers for watching the news



Note: All reports presented by anchors Don Shelby & Amelia Santaniello from WCCO studio unless otherwise noted.


STORY
TIME (MIN:SEC)
ABC KSTP 5 NEWS Top Stories reported by studio anchors Leah Mclean and John Mason

Introduction

Red River Flooding
0:20
Live Coverage



Josh Gunderson was found dead on spring break in Puerto Vallarta
2:10
Tim Sherno reporting from the studio

Interviewed friend and Stillwater hockey coach

Travel alert in Mexico

Josh's death is not believed to be linked with any drug cartel crimes



Flooding
3:45
Jennifer Griswold reporting live from Fargo

New river crest projection

Interviews with volunteers and residents

Live last minute push for sandbagging in Fargo

Studio reports on River rescue

Bob McNaney reporting from Fargo Dome

Coast guard rescuing people with airboats

Interviews with residents reveals this flood is far worse than 1997

Ice chunks on Missouri River in Bismark, ND are breaking away and forming ice jam

Minnesota roads are currently under water



Local Story
Woman, Emily Rosenberg, hired a hitman to kill her stepmother
1:45
Mark Albert reporting from Finlayson (where stepmother lives)

Offered to pay $45,000 in cash + $200 for a shot gun

She told friend who went to police

Undercover police officer arrested the woman

Woman wanted stepmother killed to receive her half of 8M inheritance

Interview with Hennepin County DA



Local Story
35W bridge collapse
0:25
Did the State get cause of collapse wrong



Teaser stories for after the commercials
Horse found in parking lot
0:10
Weather
0:10
Special report - superheroes
0:25


Commercials
2:40


Special report
Superheroes
4:30
Chris O'Connell reporting

Good samaritans looking out for all of us

Walking streets of downtown Minneapolis

Look for superheroes on internet

Superheroes carrying weapons such as stun batons

Police interviewed - worry about these superheroes being vigilantes

Superheroes do make citizen arrests

Spread goodwill



Local Story
Horse in parking lot of Maplewood Costco
0:40
Hugo family rescued horse, and now horse is healthy

Interviewed woman who rescued horse

Animal cruelty charges filed against man who abandoned horse



Local Story
Deputy Dewey is scheduled to be released from hospital on wife's birthday, May 6
0:25


Local Story
Ice fisher plunged into lake in White Bear Lake
0:25
Interviewed woman



Local Story
Senate race is longest political race in MN history
0:30


Introduction to weather

Flood talk - concerned talk amongst anchors and weatherman Dave Dahl
0:05


Weather with Dave Dahl reporting from the studio
3:00
Red River still rising

Weather in Fargo today

Currenty temps and forecast for Twin Cities and Fargo



Teaser stories for after the commercials
0:15
Boys state basketball tourney

Wild recap



Commercials
3:20


Sports with Phil Aldridge reporting from the studio
3:05
Wild in playoff race

Boys state basketball tournament

Hopkins Royals highlights

Jefferson Jaguars highlights

Interview with Jaguar player

Other scores and highlights

Watch coverage on channel 45

Timberwolves lose

Anchors and Phil have upbeat banter



Commercials
3:35


National Story
Shuttle crew takes a victory lap taking pics of earth
0:30


Nightly news wrap up
0:15
Two anchors, Dave, and Phil have upbeat banter

One last look at current temps and tomorrow's forecast for Twin Cities

Thanks viewers for watching the news



Commercials
2:35


Note: All reports presented by anchors John Mason and Leah Mclean from the KSTP studio unless otherwise noted.


STORY
TIME (MIN:SEC)
KMSP FOX 9 NEWS Top Stories reported by studio anchors Jeff Passolt and Robyn Robinson

Introduction
0:50
Police shooting

Red River flooding

Weather preview

High tech heart ct scans



Police cover-up
3:05
Tom Lyden reporting from the studio

Minneapolis police officer shot unarmed Phong Lee on 7-22-06

Officer said he acted in self defense and that Lee was armed

Russian gun found at sight

Gun was not Lees, but planted at scene by police

Gun belonged to Dang Heir who reported the gun stolen in 2004

MPD found gun in 2004 and had it in the evidence locker

Police say gun at crime scene and one in evidence locker are diff

Police say gun in evidence locker was the gun found in 2004 and this gun was not at the crime
scene
Family suspects cover-up

Officer was cleared by Internal Affairs and a grand jury, but issue of planted gun never
discussed

No DNA evidence from Lee found on the gun at the crime scene, nor was there a bullet in the
chamber


Red River flooding
0:15
Fargo bracing for winter storm



Weather
1:30
Ian Leonard reporting from the studio

Fargo and metro area forecast



Local Story
Red River Flooding
2:35
Leah Beno reporting live from Fargo

Second crest of 37 feet

Snowing in Fargo

People evacuating

Interview with Fargo woman resident

Pets being left behind at the fairgrounds

2nd Harvest is sending food



Local Story
Fires
0:35
Townhome fire

Brush fire



Local Story
Commuting to downtown Mpls
2:50
Paul Blume reporting live from downtown Mpls

Construction at Marquette and 2nd

Interviews with a male and female bus rider, the metro transit gm, and mayor Rybak

Goal is for fast track busing btwn south metro and downtown Mpls

Project must be completed by end of this year or grant money is lost



Local Story
Craiglist murder trial
0:40
Closing arguments

Michael Anderson (suspect) not going to plead insanity because he is not sorry

Interview with defense attorney



Teaser stories for after the commercials
0:35
High tech heart ct scans

Why your water may smell funny

Northwest Airlines is changing over to Delta



Commercials
2:20


Promos for Fox News at 10pm and Fox Morning News
0:20


Local Story
0:40
Smelly water in Mpls caused by storm water runoff



Special Report - Fox 9 Investigators
5:10
High tech heart ct scans may lead to cancer

Jeff Baillon reporting from the studio

Interview with Dr. John Allen

Radiation exposure could be cause of 3% of new cancers each year

Interview with Dr. Brian Rank

1 ct scan = 600 chest x-rays

Fox 9 went undercover to see if scanning companies are telling patients about radiation

No one mentioned any risks during the undercover investigation



Promos for the Fox News at 9:30
0:35
St. Paul officials are sending message to gangs to stay away from the Cinco De Mayo
celebration

Nursing home killings in North Carolina

Weather first



Promo for Tue 9pm News story
0:20


Commercials
3:05


National Story
North Korea getting ready to launch missile
0:30
USA will not shoot it down unless it is headed for us



National Story
Mexican army cracking down on drug cartels
0:20


National Story
NATO Summit in France
0:20


National Story
6" fishing sphere from harpoon removed from man's brain in Brazil
0:35


Promos for the Fox News at 9:30
0:15
Can playing video games be good for kid's eyes

President Obama giving auto makers one last chance



Promos for Fox News at 10pm
0:10


Commercials
2:25


Note: All reports presented by anchors Jeff Passolt and Robyn Robinson from the KMSP studio unless otherwise noted.


STORY
TIME (MIN:SEC)
NBC KARE 11 NEWS Top Stories reported by studio anchor Rick Kupchella

(filling in for Mike Pomerantz and Julie Nelson)

Introduction
0:35
Senate recount winner

Computer worm

Lake Phalen attack



Lake Phalen attack
2:20
Karla Hult reporting from studio

Interview with two male citizens

23 year old woman was jumped and beaten whilst jogging around lake

Now citizens are patrolling area

Promote website for more on this story



Conficker worm
2:00
Scott Saroka reporting from studio

Release worm on Aprils Fools Day

Interviewed Brent Remai, Mark Shavlik, and Chris Schwartzbauer about worm capabilities

Will be able to shut down servers



Senate recount
0:30


Local Story
Border buddies
0:15
MN and WI governors will share border duties such as bridge maintenance in order to save
money



Local Story
Craiglist murder
0:30
Verdict coming soon



Weather
0:45
Snow in Alexandria and Fargo

Family living in rv outside of hospital in Fargo gave birth



Teaser stories for after the commercials
0:30
Weather

Hamburger

Older workers in the workplace



Commercials
3:05


Special Report - KARE 11 Extra
Unemployment and older workers
5:40
Allen Costantini reporting from studio

Interviewed Carol Ouhl, Willie Daniels, and Craig Johnson - all are senior workers

Older workers can't retire because of stock market

Interviewed Michelle Kimball, AARP State Director, and Maggie Jensen, Securian
spokesperson

Tips for seniors

Securian company rated very high on AARP list of places to work

Willie starts a new job next week

Federal money given to program that helps low income seniors get jobs

Promoted website for more on this story



Promo for tomorrow night's 10:00 news
0:25
Selling your home



Weather
3:30
Belinda Jensen reporting from studio

Snow and forecast for Fargo and metro area



Teaser stories for after the commercials
0:15
Wild playoff push

Outdoor baseball



Commercials
3:15


Sports
3:05
Randy Shaver reporting from studio

Wild playoff push

Timberwolves lose

McDonalds all-star girls basketball tourney

Twins spring training



Special Report - Perk at Play
Outdoor baseball
1:40
Erik Perkins reporting

Wiffleball league started by students in Lakeville

League website



Teaser stories for after the commercials
0:15
Dietary disaster - hamburger



Commercials
3:00


Local Story
Craiglist murder
0:35
Suspect found guilty



National Story
Hamburger
0:40
Huge 5000 calorie burger sold at a minor league baseball park



Nightly news wrap up
0:20
Anchors, Belinda and Randy have upbeat banter

Promote website for more news

Thanks viewers for watching the news



Commercials
1:50


Note: All reports presented by anchor Rick Kupchella

from the KARE 11 studio unless otherwise noted.



NIGHTLY NEWS COMPARISON (CBS, ABC, FOX, and NBC)




TYPES OF CONTENT
#
LENGTH (MIN)
AMOUNT OF SHOW

Local
cbs
8
9:30
27.1%
abc
6
4:10
11.9%
fox
5
7:20
24.4%
nbc
3
1:20
3.8%

National
cbs
2
1:05
3.1%
abc
1
0:30
1.4%
fox
4
1:45
5.8%
nbc
1
0:40
1.9%

Commercials
cbs
4
9:50
28.1%
abc
4
12:10
34.8%
fox
3
7:50
26.1%
nbc
4
11:10
31.9%

Weather
cbs
2
3:25
9.8%
abc
1
3:05
8.8%
fox
1
1:30
5.0%
nbc
2
4:15
12.1%

Sports
cbs
2
3:30
10.0%
abc
1
3:05
8.8%
fox
0
0:00
0.0%
nbc
1
3:05
8.8%

Teasers
cbs
1
0:45
2.1%
abc
2
1:00
2.9%
fox
1
0:35
1.9%
nbc
3
1:00
2.9%

Top Story
cbs
0
0:40
1.9%
abc
2
6:15
17.9%
fox
2
4:10
13.9%
nbc
3
5:25
15.5%

Sign-off
cbs
1
0:15
0.7%
abc
1
0:15
0.7%
fox
0
0:00
0.0%
nbc
1
0:20
0.9%

Promotional
cbs
2
1:00
2.9%
abc
0
0:00
0.0%
fox
5
1:40
5.6%
nbc
1
0:25
1.2%

Special Report
cbs
2
5:00
14.3%
abc
1
4:30
12.9%
fox
1
5:10
17.2%
nbc
2
7:20
21.9%

Reporters (M / F)
cbs
7 / 1
abc
7 /2
fox
5 / 2
nbc
4 / 2

Reporters is defined as all people covering a story. This includes anchors, weathermen, and sports casters.
For NBC, the number of reporters is based on the normal anchors used, not the substitute anchor only.

Wednesday, April 15, 2009

WEEK 12 POST - COMIX / GRAPHIC NOVELS

The use of comix to illustrate different events has been going on since hieroglyphics were first written on cave walls. Comix can be used to represent historical, current, future, or completely imaginary events. The purpose of this assignment will be to show students how comix have been used throughout history and their effect on pop culture today.

I would use cooperative learning to teach the use of comix/graphic novels (comix) as an avenue of expressing events. I would implement the following procedure for this assignment (assumes a 90 min class period):

  1. Review some of the many different examples of comix that illustrate historical, current, future, and imaginary events. This task will show that comix are not just for entertainment, but can also be used to give readers perspective of different historical events. For instance, according to Wikipedia, “Sam Glanzman's A Sailor's Story, was a true-life, World War II naval tale.” Time spent will be 10 minutes.
  2. Have the students work with their base group members (the class would already be set up for groups of three) to compile a group list of common societal views held during the time that the assigned comix was written and the time frame of the comix. For instance, Art Spiegelman's Pulitzer Prize-winning Maus was written in 1986 about the World War II Holocaust. Obviously these are two very different times with different societal views. I would assign one of the comix shown to the class in procedure #1 to each group, but have two groups work on the same comix. If there were eight total groups, then four comix would be used for the assignment with two groups using the same comix. The purpose of this task will be to establish the societal views that the author was living in during their writing and the societal views that would have been held during the story. Time spent will be 30 minutes.
  3. Once the groups had compiled their lists, I would pair one student from one group with another student from the group that had the same comix. The students would compare their lists. This two person group would then compile a list of similarities and differences between the two groups. The purpose of doing this task is for students to get a better idea of what the societal views were at that time. Time spent will be 10 minutes.
  4. Everyone will get back into their base groups and review their findings from the two person groups. The groups will then edit their own lists if they feel that some of their information is incorrect or if they are missing some information that the other group had on their lists. Time spent will be 10 minutes.
  5. Review the findings from the groups with the whole class. As a class we would help edit each set of base group’s lists. The purpose of this task is to show how societal views (both the author and story) are affirmed or challenged through comix. Thus illustrating the importance of comix on pop culture. Time spent will be 25 minutes. For homework, have each student find out one more societal view for each of their group’s two time frames (author and story).
  6. In class the next day, have the students share their two new societal views with their base groups and update their group lists. This will then be handed in for graded. Time spent will be 10 minutes.

Friday, March 27, 2009

WEEK 9 POST - NEWS ANALYSIS





I apologize for the formatting of this blog, but apparently you can't attach spreadsheets to this blog site. I have spent far too much time trying to get this to post properly. I now give up.

I decided to analyze the Channel 5 mid-day and nightly news programs individually and together. One might think the two news programs would essentially be the same, but they are quite different. I should state that I do not watch the nightly news, and only occasionally watch the mid-day news. I do however watch the morning news on channel 5. I mention my news watching habits in order to illustrate my lack of knowledge regarding these programs. I admit I had a negative preconceived opinion of the nightly news in that I think those programs are more about sensationalism and ratings than reporting the news in an objective manner. With that being said, I tried my best to look at both programs objectively.

The first mid-day news segment (stories that take place before the first set of commercials) began with a male and female anchor, Art Barron and Vineeta Sawkar, respectively, sitting at their studio desk reporting on the top story / local story – the Red River flooding. The anchors then spoke with Elizabeth Ries who was reporting live from Breckenridge where the flood waters were cresting. This story set the pace (a sense of urgency in the voices) and tone (serious) for the rest of the stories prior to the teaser story before the first set of commercials. The teaser story was almost whimsical as it was about Dancing with the Stars which airs on channel 5. The teaser also served as a time to self promote the station’s website.

The second mid-day news segment started with a serious tone, but not quite the same sense of urgency as in segment one. This segment contained the weather forecast which spent a great deal of time talking about the Fargo area. This tone and sense of urgency again changed when the promotional story (Dancing with the Stars week 3 recap) began. The teaser story before the second set of commercials was delivered in a more serious tone. The teaser also served as a time to self promote the station’s website.

The first three stories of the third mid-day news segment started just like segment two, but changed to a less serious, matter-of-fact delivery for the rest of the stories, including the teaser story, to end this segment. The teaser also served as a time to self promote the station’s website.

The fourth mid-day news segment was more relaxed as the anchors and weatherman used a matter-of-fact delivery to recap the top story and weather. These three were happy and smiling as they thanked the viewers for watching, and talked amongst each other as the show went to promote its website.

The times for the segments were 7:45, 7:25, 2:50, and 1:30, respectively. In addition there was 11:30 of commercials. There were two male and three female reporters used throughout the program. If we count the top story as a local story, then local stories were reported at a rate of approximately 2:1 when compared to national stories. The top three amounts of time for this program are as follows: 38.3% commercials, 27.8% local stories, and 15% weather. National news was 12.8%.

The first nightly news segment began with a male and female anchor, John Mason and Leah Mclean, respectively, sitting at their studio desk reporting on the top stories - the Red River flooding and a MN man found dead in Mexico. The anchors first spoke with Tim Sherno who was reporting from the studio on the Mexico story. Then Jennifer Griswold reported live from Fargo by the Red River, followed by Bob McNaney who was reporting live from the Fargo Dome. These stories set the pace (a sense of urgency in the voices) and tone (serious) for the rest of the stories prior to the teaser stories before the first set of commercials. The teaser stories were delivered in a less serious manner, and tried to entice the viewers not to turn the channel by promoting their special report on superheroes in Minneapolis.

The second nightly news segment began with the special report. In and of itself, this was the story that received the most air time (4:30). Chris O’Connell reported from the streets of downtown Minneapolis where he walked around with several superheroes. The superheroes proceeded to show Chris their weapons (these are legal) that they carried. Then an interview with a Minneapolis police officer was shown. The officer stated that he was worried these superheroes could become vigilantes. The story ended with Chris talking with the superheroes about their various acts of goodwill towards the community. The reporter almost seemed to be mocking the superheroes as he talked with them about their patrols.

The stories between the special report and the weather carried the same less serious tone and pace as the special report, but without the mocking. Once the weather started, the tone got more serious and urgent as Dave Dahl reported on the weather up in Fargo. This tone changed immediately when the teaser stories for the third segment were played. All of these stories occurred in the studio.

The third nightly news segment was devoted exclusively to sports. This segment was reported by Phil Aldridge who delivered the various local professional and amateur stories in an upbeat, enthusiastic manner whilst sitting at the studio desk. There were no teasers at the end of this segment.

The fourth nightly news segment began with the only national news story, followed by the show’s wrap up. The wrap up consisted of the two anchors, Dave, and Phil sitting around the studio desk smiling. Dave gave one last weather report, and the anchors thanked the viewers whilst engaging in happy banter amongst themselves.

The times for the segments were 9:10, 9:50, 3:05, and 0:45, respectively. In addition there was 12:10 of commercials. There were seven male and two female reporters used throughout the program. If we count the top stories as local stories, then local stories were reported at a rate of approximately 22:1 when compared to national stories. If the special report is included in the local stories, then the ratio of local to national stories becomes 30:1. The top three amounts of time for this program are as follows: 34.8% commercials, 29.8% local stories, and 12.9% special report. National news was 1.4%.

In order to compare these two programs equally, they would both have to be the same length of time. The mid-day program was 30 minutes long, but the nightly program was 35 minutes long. After looking at the data, it became clear that the big difference between the two programs was the nightly news special report. It seems that channel 5 extended their nightly news coverage by five minutes to include the special report. If the special report and 30 seconds of commercials were removed from the nightly news program, then each program would be the same length of time. This is what I did in the Adjusted Amount of Show column of the comparison table.

The following are similarities between both news programs: (1) consisted of four segments; (2) the top three amounts of time were in the same order; (3) and each spent the same amount of time signing off.

The following are differences between both news programs: (1) there was more than ten times spent on national news stories during the mid-day news; (2) there was no sports report during the mid-day news; (3) even though the nightly news had one fewer teaser, there was twice as much time spent on the nightly news teasers; (4) there were two top stories during the nightly news as opposed to one for the mid-day news; and (5) there was a promotional story for ABC programming during the mid-day news, but nothing during the nightly news.

The above mentioned differences definitely show that the mid-day and nightly news programs are two separate programs, but there are three more differences that really separate the two programs: (1) the mid-day news used more women than men during the broadcast whilst the nightly news used considerably more men than women; (2) the mid-day news had two out of five reporters that were minorities whilst the nightly news had no minorities. I would like to think racism doesn’t exist, especially in the media and entertainment industries, but this makes me think; and (3) the nightly news seemed more concerned with sensationalism.

It seems that the station prefers to use women in more serious roles than men. In both programs, women never did the “softer” stories. Instead, they were anchors, reporting live on the top stories, or representing the national news that ABC was covering. Men were used for less serious roles such as sports, weather, and the special report. I wonder if men are used in these lesser roles because the station is making a feminist statement, which in essence is condescending and discriminatory. As an aside, I have watched the morning news on channel 5 for the last ten years, and have seen two female anchors on numerous broadcasts whilst never seeing two male anchors.

The nightly news seemed to promote sensationalism, especially through the special report. As I watched the special report, it seemed like I was watching a comic book movie. The police are worried about these superheroes becoming vigilantes (this is the premise of Batman, Spiderman, and countless other comic books). There were many interviews with flood victims; showing people in emotional stress, thus supporting my preconceived belief that nightly news is very sensationalized and concerned with rating.

Overall, the mid-day news represents my own personal idea of what news should look like; racial and gender variety along with a more balanced ratio of local to national stories. There was very little sensationalism and thus made me take the reporters more seriously.

Sunday, March 22, 2009

WEEK 8 POST - CHATROOM ANALYSIS

After reading the example, I decided that I would use my group’s chat experience as the basis for this week’s blog post. The setting of this chat is through my group’s online chatroom on Web Vista. This chatroom can be accessed by anyone in the class, but it is not available to the general public. Mostly though, the chatroom is only accessed by Erika and me. Chats occur almost every week; Erika and I chat about the given assignments.

The analysis will consist of the following:

Our group’s use of language;
The online chatroom format; and
My personal reflection of this particular chat and the course overall.

Here is the unedited version of last week’s chat regarding media representations (stereotypes):

Adam Fitzpatrick > Hello. How did the subbing go? Erika Heltner >> has entered the room. Erika Heltner > Hey. Sorry I'm late. Crazy trying to get out of school today. How are you? Adam Fitzpatrick > fine. how was subbing? Erika Heltner > Oh, it was good. I had fifth graders today. They're such a nice change from high school kids. They're not apathetic yet. They actually like school! Adam Fitzpatrick > Do you have behavioral issues though? Adam Fitzpatrick > not you, the students Erika Heltner > I got it...No, the kids are really good. I sub at Highlands in Edina, and they seem to be pretty well-trained. I wish my kids in Telluride were as good as these kids. Adam Fitzpatrick > Do you sub often? Erika Heltner > I've been subbing this semester once or twice a week. I could probably sub every day if I had teh time, but this college thing is taking up two days of my week. Adam Fitzpatrick > My cousin subs almost all the time whilst waiting for a full time gig. He subs at Chaska and Anoka. Adam Fitzpatrick > What did you think about the reading this week? Erika Heltner > I love subbing! No planning or grading or anything. I wish I could be a full time sub with the same pay as the real deal. Unfortunately, I don't think that's an available job. The thing that was so hard for me while I was teaching English was the grading...ugh! Erika Heltner > Oh. I'm here. Sorry, I just ran to get coffee. I think I already started talking about the reading last week, so I'll try again. We are talking about Media representations right? Adam Fitzpatrick > I've never minded grading, but then I taught science. My tests were more question-very short answer. I also used a lot of multiple choice. Yes. Now we are on chapter 5. Erika Heltner > I thought the reading was fine. I like anything that encourages critical thinking and that encourages kids to try and see through stereotypes. Adam Fitzpatrick > Do you have a particular example of how you did this with your students? Erika Heltner > In the introduction, they talk about the representation of the Holocaust, and I actually do something with that in my tenth grade class when we read Night. The kids watch Schindler's list in history class, and then they watch Life is Beautiful in my class. They look at the two very unique ways of conveying the Holocaust experience. Have you seen both? Adam Fitzpatrick > I've never heard of Night. I have seen some of Schindler's List, but have never heard of Life is Beautiful. What makes LB different from SL? Erika Heltner > Well, Life is Beautiful is often criticized because people thinks it makes light of the situation. I love the movie because it really presents kind of an existential viewpoint. Life is Beautiful is about a man who gets put into a concentration camp with his son. The father makes the entire experience into a game so teh kid never has to realize what is actually going on. It's a beautiful movie, but very fantastical. So, if you've seen any of Schindler's List, you know that movie is very slow, sad, real. The end is uplifting in a tragic sense (so is Life is Beautiful), but both present the HOlocaust in very different ways. You get teh point... Erika Heltner > Night is Elie Wiesel's account of the Holocaust. He was fourteen or so when he went to Auschwitz. The kids always like the book. It's really sad, but really powerful. Adam Fitzpatrick > Is LB based on someone's own accounts or is it fiction? Erika Heltner > Fiction Erika Heltner > I'm trying to decide which "type" to talk about in my blog. I think maybe I'll try adn talk about the portrayal of teachers. The other thing I'm wondering about our assignment is this: what exactly are we supposed to find in another discipline? How teachers are presented in the journal of psychology? Do you understand this part of the assignment? Adam Fitzpatrick > I admit that I don't know everything about SL, but I think it is very powerful because it is true. Do your students ever question the fact that LB is fictional versus SL which is a real account? Have you ever tried cutting and pasting in this box. Not as easy as it seems. Adam Fitzpatrick > I read a few blogs and this is what I have concluded. Base your response on how teachers view themselves vs. how the media portrays them. I did mine on engineers. Erika Heltner > We definitely talk about the difference between fact vs. fiction. We also talk about the power of stories and memory. We also talk about the concept of whether or not it matters if it's true or not, untold or not? What is the intent of the creator? What message was SL trying to convey? What message was LB trying to convey? We usually ahve good discussions on this... Adam Fitzpatrick > Have you responded to 5 other blogs yet? Erika Heltner > Okay, so I write about how teachers are portrayed in movies. Then, I write about how I view myself? Aren't we supposed to look at how teachers are represented in another discipline like psychology or science? No, I haven't looked at any yet. Adam Fitzpatrick > I don't think it is just in how you view teachers. It is more on how teachers view teachers. As far as another discipline is concerned, I thought that at the beginning. But look at what Thom writes at the end - In other words how do those who are, say, farmers or substance abusers or insomniacs and so on..... represent THEMSELVES? Erika Heltner > Okay, I'll figure it out. I hate fuzzy directions. I always need examples. I guess I'll have to go look at some other blogs anyway, so I'll see then. How do you think engineers are portrayed? Adam Fitzpatrick > Well you can read and respond to my blog, since you have to do that for 5 classmates anyways. In short, I don't agree with the media representations. We're not all nerdlingers who retire to our offices just to run numbers on our calculators. We just happen to be in a profession that no one really thinks about. I'm willing to bet that most people don't think about engineers until something goes wrong or something is done that has never been done before. Case in point, the 35W bridge collapse. Erika Heltner > I definitely agree. I'm trying to think of a movie or show or anything wehre engineers are even portrayed. I'll give you my ideas about teachers... Erika Heltner > It seems like all teachers, if portrayed in a good way, sacrifice their entire lives for their kids. It's as if that is the only way to make an actual difference in a kid's life...to give up everything. I always felt guilt about my lack of sacrifice. I wasn't willing to give up my relationships, my passions, my everything for my students. I always thought balance, if possible, was best. Dangers Minds, Freedom Writers, Lean on Me, you know the movies... Adam Fitzpatrick > I know those movies, and I agree with you. I never sacrificed anything for my students except a high paying job for a non-paying student teaching job. I never felt any guilt, just remorse for giving up so much money for a truly crappy experience. It all worked out in the end, so that is good. As I see it, our time is up. Talk to you next week. Erika Heltner > I'm laughing outloud! Good to know it all worked out...love your honesty. See ya! Erika Heltner >> has left the room.

Our group’s use of language is mostly common everyday English. By this I mean that we write what we say, which most of the time is in complete sentences. I don’t think we use instant messaging or texting word structures, but occasionally we use abbreviations. We always write in a respectful manner, limiting profanity, especially since we write what we say.

The online chatroom format is a bit frustrating for both of us. It may not be evident from this chat, but in general it is a bit frustrating. Specifically, we are not always writing in synchronization. The following is an excerpt illustrating this point:

Adam Fitzpatrick > What did you think about the reading this week? Erika Heltner > I love subbing! No planning or grading or anything. I wish I could be a full time sub with the same pay as the real deal. Unfortunately, I don't think that's an available job. The thing that was so hard for me while I was teaching English was the grading...ugh! Erika Heltner > Oh. I'm here. Sorry, I just ran to get coffee. I think I already started talking about the reading last week, so I'll try again. We are talking about Media representations right? Adam Fitzpatrick > I've never minded grading, but then I taught science. My tests were more question-very short answer. I also used a lot of multiple choice. Yes. Now we are on chapter 5.

As can be seen, we are not communicating in an efficient manner. This tends to happen with us due to two primary factors (1) because I am not that fast at typing, and (2) we are both trying to read what the other one is writing whilst trying to type a response. This was clearly evident in our first chat, where neither of us could keep up with the other person. Since then, we have slowed things down a bit, and the results have been a more efficient chat.

My personal reflection on this chat will conclude my analysis. This chat starts off with Erika writing about her day. She was subbing that day, so our chat had to be pushed back 30 minutes from the suggested starting time. What I like most about our chats in general is that Erika shares her personal teaching experience with me. Usually I feel out of place, since I have only student taught, but this time I actually had something to contribute. Not only did I get to write about the assignment for the week, but I also wrote about my limited teaching experience.

Overall, I feel out of place in this class. I am not a teacher, and even if I was, it would be in science. I still feel that I have done an exemplary job in this class by being one of the first people done with the assignments and following through on every instruction of all assignments (Check week 3 where everyone was supposed to post a link to their commercial analysis along with a preview paragraph. Only Erika and I posted). I am thankful that I have Erika as a group partner because I get a glimpse of a non-science teacher’s perspective on teaching.

Wednesday, March 4, 2009

WEEK 7 POST - MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS

I’ll compare the media representation of engineers to the self described representation of engineers. I’ll start with the physical description. The media paints a picture of a man with glasses dressed in a shirt, tie and dress pants as the image of an engineer. If they represent a female engineer at all, the female will be dressed in a business suit, and probably wearing glasses. Two media sources one can readily find to illustrate this point are: the comic strip Dilbert and by typing “engineer” into Google images.

Next is the intellectual and social description. Every movie or tv show that depicts engineers in some capacity shows them as smart, hardworking people. This seems to be all Hollywood shows of engineers, implying that engineers are completely dedicated to their work and have no social life. Most of the time you probably don’t even pick up on engineers in movies or tv shows as they are usually background characters. No excitement surrounding them.

I am an engineer, and have been in the engineering field since 1997. Whilst I can confirm that some engineers match the media’s physical representation, most of us don’t. This assignment got me thinking about all the engineers I have ever met or worked with. Most of the male engineers I know dress in jeans with either a polo shirt or a tee shirt. Most of the female engineers I know wear jeans and a nice shirt, but nothing I would constitute as a business suit. About half do wear glasses though.

As far as the intellectual/social representation goes, this is just as ridiculous as the physical representation. I have run across some lazy engineers. As far as the social life is concerned, engineers are just like everyone else. Some are thrill seekers, some are family oriented, and some are athletes. The point is that there is more to life than work, and I can’t think of a single engineer that wouldn’t agree with this comment.

When I read various engineering magazines, the emphasis of the articles and subsequently the pictures, are on fun, innovative projects. If pictures of the engineers are shown, they will most likely be in jeans and a tee shirt working out in the field. I tend to agree more with this type of representation which seems to rebuke the media representation of engineers.

I know several engineers who have played in bands, participate in all sorts of different athletic events such as triathlons and marathons, and are extremely family-oriented.

Wednesday, February 25, 2009

WEEK 6 POST - COMPTUER ANIMATED HELP MENUS

I found these two articles on Conversational Agents (CAs) to be extremely obvious. Since each article was written by the same two authors, Doering and Veletsianos, I will refer to the two articles by the third author: When Sex, Drugs, and Violence Enter the Classroom: Conversations between Adolescents and a Female Pedagogical Agent (Scharber-the third author) and Conversational Agents and Their Longitudinal Affordances on Communication and Interaction (Yerasimou-the third author).

Before getting into this, I would like to make my opinion on the use of CAs known. I think they are almost entirely useless. These are just animated versions of the Help Menu located in most software programs, which I also find almost entirely useless. Some things to consider when viewing these over-hyped computer animations - CAs:

  1. They are not HUMAN! They are not your friend; they have no feelings; they have no SOUL!
  2. They are animated versions of the Help Menu, commonly found in computer programs. They are no different than that useless animated paperclip found in early versions of Microsoft Excel and Word. Now that paperclip has been replaced with a dog. At least Microsoft had the decency to use an inanimate object, the paperclip, to try and interact with users. They didn’t insult anyone’s intelligence by making you think you were communicating with an actual person.
  3. They are supposed to be set up to provide you with the answers you seek, but this rarely happens.

As stated previously, I found these two articles to be extremely obvious. I also found the Yerasimou article to be disturbing.

I’ll start with the Scharber article, which details a study of 59 middle school social studies students and their anonymous interaction with a CA. The article keeps referencing that the CA looks like a female wearing professional clothing. There were 745 interactions between the CA and the students in a two day time period. Of the 745 interactions, only 38 (5.1%) were related to the social studies assignment. The authors seem surprised by the fact that 117 of the student’s side of the interaction were unacceptable for a school setting of which 52 were sexually explicit. Only the researchers got to see the transcripts from the interactions, not the teachers or parents. So what the study did was remove responsibility for the students to obey school rules and stay on task whilst using the computers. Give me a break. Have the researchers ever been around middle school students? Puberty is happening, kids are curious about the opposite sex, and there is no supervision. Yet the researchers are shocked that students are writing sexually explicit messages to the CA.

But wait, there’s more.

The researchers talk extensively about the abuse that happens between the students towards the CA. They site an example on page 297 regarding the use of severe vulgar language. The CA corrects the student; the student gets mad and uses vulgar language. That sounds exactly like something a middle school student would do, so why does this shock anyone? The point is that it shouldn’t shock anyone who has ever spent time with middle school students.

The Yerasimou article was extremely obvious and disturbing. This time the study involved grad students using the CA for help in a technology class. The students could choose either a male or female CA. Even at the college grad student level, the vulgar and sexually explicit abuse happened. One of the female students wrote, “When I was with other people, that’s when all the dirty questions came up, they were like try that, try that, so I was like, “Ok, this better not come back to my name.”” (pg 264)

The disturbing part of this article was the students viewing the CA as a friend. I was sickened by the following quote, “Most of our participants reported connecting emotionally with the CAs due to the human-like interactions.” (pg 262) As stated previously, the CA is not human, it has no feelings, and it is not anyone’s friend. It really disturbs me that people can get so emotionally attached to a computer animated Help Menu.

The third thing to consider is the CAs is supposed to be set up to provide you with the answers you seek, but this rarely happens. In each article, students tried using the CAs for help with their assignments, but the CAs failed. Most students quit asking the CAs anything assignment related, and just started asking other types of questions. Had the CAs been able to answer even simple questions, maybe the so-called abuse would have been less. The Yerasimou article states, “when participants did not receive a correct answer to their on-task eFolio-related questions, they would often switch to asking the CA unrelated, off-task questions.” (pg 260) The Scharber article states that when a non-intelligent response occurred from the CA to the student that, “most commonly, the participants simply stopped asking the agent for help and did not engage in further discourse, or the student switched to a social conversation with the agent.” (pg 297)

As far as I can tell, there are two positive attributes of the CA and both of these come from the Yerasimou article. The first is that it was available to students at all times. The second is that “participants reported that they found the dual format in which CAs delivered their answers – both text and audio – a very helpful feature.” (pg 258)

I have stated that the CAs are almost entirely useless. Almost. If I HAD to use this type of technology in the classroom, here is what I would do. The type of assignment would have to be relatively easy but perhaps heavily dependent on terminology. For instance, our commercial analysis assignment was relatively easy, but it had a lot of different definitions. This would be a good assignment for the use of a CA. The students could ask the CA the definition of a word, and the CA could communicate with the student in both audible and written form. If the student needed further help with the definition of the word, the student could ask the CA for an example. The trick to making this go smoothly is that the students would have to be told the capabilities of the CA and the types of questions the CA will respond to correctly. In addition, students should know there are written transcripts for each student-CA interaction, so appropriate school behavior is mandatory. Students will be held responsible for their actions. Depending on the age of the students, perhaps a copy of the transcripts could be sent to the parents. This should keep students on-task.

Thursday, February 12, 2009

I have joined the Dark Side

Being that I was the only one on livejournal and I couldn't get it to link to all of your blogs, I have come over to the Dark Side. I have a link to my former blog on this blogsite in case some of you have completely run out of things to read.